Cappadocia
The Cappadocia region is the most beautiful place of nature and history in the world. While geographical events created the Peribacalari, in the historical process, people were also house churches of these peribacas, adorned with frescoes, and daily traces of old civilizations thousands of years old.
In the book "Geographika" (Anatolian XIIXIIIXIV) from the book of the Antiquity period of the Roman Emperor Augustus, Strabon 17 states that the boundaries of the Cappadocia Region extend to the Taurus Mountains in the west, to Malatya in the east in Aksaray, and to the shores of the Eastern Black Sea in the north.
This day's Cappadocia Region Nevşehir Aksaray Niğde Kayseri and Kırşehir are covered areas. The rocky Cappadocia Region, which is a narrower area, consists of Üçhisar Ürgüp Avanos Göreme Derinkuyu Kaymaklı Ihlara and its environs
Kayalara carved traditional Cappadocian voices express the authenticity of houses and doves. These houses were built in the nineteenth century on slopes of slopes of rocks. The stone, which is the only architectural material of the region, can be processed very easily since it is soft after the quarry because of the volcanic structure, but after it comes into contact with the air it hardens and becomes a very durable building material. Because of the abundance of the materials used and their easy handling, stone workmanship, which is unique to the locality, has developed and becomes an architectural tradition. If the courtyard is necessary, the material of the house doors is wood. The top of the arched doors is decorated with stylized ivy or rosette motifs. The dovecotes in the stands are small structures made in the late 18th and early 18th centuries. Some of the pigeon houses which are important in terms of showing the art of Islamic painting were built as monasteries or churches. The surface of the Güvercinlik was adorned with local beauties by local artists.
Cappadocia General History
The underground settlement places today 's Cappadocia by carving millions of gold in place to save the lives of the rock churches with their frescoes, which are erected by erosion and the fascinating people who build up their works with their amazing images and carved them for their beliefs. Man and nature have handed in and brought out from the wonders of the world.
In his book, which was written in the name of Strabon Geographika, who lived during the Roman Empire period, Cappadocia is limited to Malatya in the east, Aksaray in the south and Taurus Mountains in the south and the region extending to the north in the Eastern Black Sea. Today, Cappadocia is equal. As the rock churches are underground cities, today's Cappadocia is the most concentrated of these formations. Avanos Ürgüp Uchisar Goreme Ortahisar Gülşehir Derinkuyu and Ihlara valley near Aksaray come to mind.
The geological formation of the Cappadocia region began with the eruption of Erciyes Hasan Melendiz Göllüdağ and many other smaller volcanic mountains in the Upper Miocene era. The lava lakes that spread to the area brought a high plateau fruit with a layer of tuffs of varying hardness of 100-150 meters on the rivers. Over time, the erosion of this platon resulted in incredible erosion, resulting in present-day valleys. Conical forms were formed on the so-called fairy chapel, where a harder and wider rock layer was found. The Fairy Chimneys, which are seen in a few regions of the world, are nowhere near as intense as they are in Cappadocia. Man who benefited from this generous nature has carved this thick rock mass which is very convenient for carving and made houses, monasteries, churches and underground shelters according to the conditions of the day. Especially with the beginning of Christianity spreading in Anatolia, with the advantage given by the geological structure of Cappadocia, the number of monasteries and churches has reached the number expressed in thousands and it has become the center of Christian monks.
B.C. Beginning in the 2000s, the Hittites settled in the region and established themselves with the local people and established the Great Hittite Empire. Kültepe (Neşa Kanıiş), located near Kayseri in this period, is an important commercial center of the Assyrian Trade Colonies. B.C. The Late Hittite States were established after the collapse of the Hittite Empire, which was ruled until 1200. After the Phrygians put an end to the Late Hittite giants, Kimmelerin Medlerin and M.Ö. From 547 the Persians were in control. The Persians separate Anatolia from the regions called Satrap. The present Cappadocia region, one of these regions, is called Katpatuka, which means "Land of Beautiful Horses" in the Persian language.
He meets a resistance he did not expect in the Great Alexander Katpatuka, who destroyed the Persian Empire. He then assigns Sabistas, one of his commanders, to take control of the region. The people who oppose it declare the king of Iriarathes I (332-352 BC), a Persian nobility. Ariarathes I. who establishes good relations with Alexander the Great also enlarges the borders of Cappadocia kingdom. The Kingdom of Cappadocia, living peacefully until the death of Alexander the Great, enters a new era of war and Pontus struggles with Macedonia and the Romans.
M.S. In the 17th year Tiberius made it into the state by connecting it to the Roman Empire. The construction of new routes to the west has increased the significance of Kayseri, the central state of the province, to the vitality of the glorious period of the Assyrian Trade Colonies. In the following years, the city was surrounded by the city walls to protect it from the raids of Sassanids coming from Iran. During the spread of Christianity, the Cappadocia region increased in importance from this point of view and became a center of Kayseri Archbishopric when Christianity was accepted as official religion by Roman Empire. IV. Through centuries the great efforts of the Archbishop St. Basilius, Christianity settled in the region and began a mystical monastic life in the rocks.
Roman Empire M.S. When Cappadocia was divided into two in 395, Cappadocia naturally remains within the borders of the Eastern Roman Empire. VII. At the beginning of the century, intense battles between the Byzantines and the Sassanites came to the fore, and the Sassanis held them in the hands of the region for 6-7 years. M.S. The people of Cappadocia were exposed to Arab-Umayyad raids after the Caliph Osman Sasani State was destroyed in 651. During this confusion, Christian Democratic conflicts, which continue to be a problem, especially Emperor III. Leon reaches the pinnacle with the ban on ikonal, and the period called ikonaklazm (726-843) begins. Christians, who had a great immigration to Cappadocia during the iconoclastic period, came to the region and concealed in rocky carved monasteries, continuing their worship and activities.
Following the conquest of Kayseri by the Seljuks in 1082, the people of Cappadocia entered a peaceful turn. The Seljuk-dominated Christians freely worship and build their churches. However, in 1308, Ilkhans of Mongol origin seized Kayseri and burned the city. This situation does not last long and during the Ottoman period the region is now comfortable and peaceful
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